职称英语考试六种词汇记忆方法

2025-03-11 06:48:23

1、​结合记忆法  将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:  slope  n. ①倾斜;坡度;斜度  There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。  ②斜面;斜坡  We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。  vi. 倾斜。  The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。  critical  adj. ①批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的  I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。  ②紧要的,关键的;危急的  His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。  通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。

2、同类记忆法   将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记。注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。  如headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。  再如bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor (博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。  这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。

3、比较记忆法   把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。  例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. started  B. finished  C. changed  D. made  答案:B  例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. largely  B. possibly  C. just  D. rarely  答案:C  Merely/ only/ just

4、构词法记忆法   通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:  1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:  picture (n像粜杵泳)画-picture (v)描绘  water (n)水-water (v)浇水  例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. behavior  B. style  C. mode  D. attitude  答案:A  解释:  Conduct (v.)引导,管理,为人,传导  Conduct (n.)操守,行为  Conductor (n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等  Semi-conductor 半导体  例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. suffer  B. accept  C. receive  D. endure  答案:D  解释:  bear (n.)熊  bear (v.)负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤  2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:  happy→ unhappy(加前缀) happiness(加后缀)  例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. promote  B. paint  C. polish  D. produce  答案:D  例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. mental  B. physical  C. natural  D. hard  答案:B  man-, manu- =hand  manage(管理), manual(体力的,手册), manuscript(手写稿), manufacture(生产), manumit(释放)  例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. every year  B. severely  C. actively  D. every month  答案:A  Ann= year  Anniversaire (French)  Anniversary, annals(编年史), annuity(年金)  3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:  wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)  pea(豌豆) nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)  例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. judgement  B. result  C. decision  D. event  答案:B

5、根义记忆法   利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。  比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:  a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.  b) She is my immediate neighbor.  c) the immediate cause  若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义  中间没有间隔(地)  1)(时间)立刻;  2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,  3)(关系)直接  例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书)  A. far away  B. right away  C. right here  D. soon  答案:B  例题2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)  A. change  B. investigate  C. understand  D. write  答案:C  请看下面几句中的follow 分别都是什么意思?  She went into the building, followed by a group of students.  The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.  I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

6、几组对容易混淆词进行特别记忆   (1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词巳呀屋饔,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; d髫潋啜缅eep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.  We had an early breakfast. (形容词)  We went by a fast train. (形容词)  We had breakfast early. (副词)  Don't speak so fast.(副词)  (2)有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不过在字义上不同。  (A) easy “安适地”; easily “容易地”:  Stand easy!  He's not easily satisfied.  (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“显然地”;)  The bullet went clear through the door.  The thieves got clearly away.  (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;  The birds are flying high.  He was highly praised for his work.  (D) Slow 和 slowly当副词时同义, 但 slow比 slowly语气强.  I told the driver to go slow(er).  Drive slowly round these bends in the road.  (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “几乎不”;  He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)  He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)  (F) just “刚才;仅”; justly “公正地”;  I've just seen him.  He was justly punished.  (G) late “迟”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;  He went to bed late.  I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.  (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;  The situation seems pretty hopeless.  She was prettily dressed.转

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