职称英语考试六种词汇记忆方法
1、结合记忆法 将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如: slope n. ①倾斜;坡度;斜度 There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。 ②斜面;斜坡 We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。 vi. 倾斜。 The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。 critical adj. ①批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的 I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。 ②紧要的,关键的;危急的 His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。 通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。
2、同类记忆法 将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记。注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。 如headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。 再如bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor (博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。 这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。
3、比较记忆法 把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。 例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级) A. started B. finished C. changed D. made 答案:B 例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级) A. largely B. possibly C. just D. rarely 答案:C Merely/ only/ just
4、构词法记忆法 通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法: 1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如: picture (n像粜杵泳)画-picture (v)描绘 water (n)水-water (v)浇水 例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级) A. behavior B. style C. mode D. attitude 答案:A 解释: Conduct (v.)引导,管理,为人,传导 Conduct (n.)操守,行为 Conductor (n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等 Semi-conductor 半导体 例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级) A. suffer B. accept C. receive D. endure 答案:D 解释: bear (n.)熊 bear (v.)负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤 2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如: happy→ unhappy(加前缀) happiness(加后缀) 例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级) A. promote B. paint C. polish D. produce 答案:D 例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级) A. mental B. physical C. natural D. hard 答案:B man-, manu- =hand manage(管理), manual(体力的,手册), manuscript(手写稿), manufacture(生产), manumit(释放) 例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级) A. every year B. severely C. actively D. every month 答案:A Ann= year Anniversaire (French) Anniversary, annals(编年史), annuity(年金) 3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如: wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻) pea(豌豆) nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生) 例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级) A. judgement B. result C. decision D. event 答案:B
5、根义记忆法 利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。 比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段: a) The woman walks immediately behind the car. b) She is my immediate neighbor. c) the immediate cause 若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义 中间没有间隔(地) 1)(时间)立刻; 2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟, 3)(关系)直接 例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书) A. far away B. right away C. right here D. soon 答案:B 例题2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年职称英语卫生类C级) A. change B. investigate C. understand D. write 答案:C 请看下面几句中的follow 分别都是什么意思? She went into the building, followed by a group of students. The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here. I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
6、几组对容易混淆词进行特别记忆 (1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词巳呀屋饔,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; d髫潋啜缅eep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc. We had an early breakfast. (形容词) We went by a fast train. (形容词) We had breakfast early. (副词) Don't speak so fast.(副词) (2)有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不过在字义上不同。 (A) easy “安适地”; easily “容易地”: Stand easy! He's not easily satisfied. (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“显然地”;) The bullet went clear through the door. The thieves got clearly away. (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”; The birds are flying high. He was highly praised for his work. (D) Slow 和 slowly当副词时同义, 但 slow比 slowly语气强. I told the driver to go slow(er). Drive slowly round these bends in the road. (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “几乎不”; He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.) He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.) (F) just “刚才;仅”; justly “公正地”; I've just seen him. He was justly punished. (G) late “迟”; lately (= recently)“最近地”; He went to bed late. I haven't seen Mr. Green lately. (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”; The situation seems pretty hopeless. She was prettily dressed.转