怎样让英语写作达到高分标准

1、开头段：开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题旅邯佤践进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四、五句即可。考生应注意以下若干要点：　　（1） 开头段的作用，概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。　　（2）写开头段时考生应该避免的若干问题：　 ① 开头偏离主题太远；　 ② 使用抱歉或埋怨之词句； ③ 内容不具体，言之无物；　　 ④ 使用不言自明的陈述。　　（3） 开头段的表达方法： ① 使用引语（use a quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定 文章的写作范围和方向；　 　例："Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them." Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success. 　 　② 使用具体详实的数字或数据 (use figures or statistics) 引用一些具体详实的数字或数 据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在； 例：In the past 5 years there has been a marked decline in the number of youngmarried couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent. 　　③ 提出问题（ask a question）提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或 展开引导性简短讨论；　　例：What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work-based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and soour answers will differ, all agree that work provide more than material things. 　　 ④ 给出背景（offer relevant background）描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等；　　 例：Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern. 　　⑤ 定义法（give definition）针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨；　　 例：Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose toleave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it. ⑥ 主题句法（use of topic sentence）文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕 主题内容进行发展。 例：Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for one's career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.

2、中间段：中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。　　（1） 中间段的一般特征：① 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长； ② 每段有相应的主题句； ③ 包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写 作手段； 　　④ 不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。 （2）中间段的具体特点： ① 所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力； ② 段落中一定具备主题句；③ 段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节； ④ 内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强； ⑤ 段落之间连贯自然；⑥段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当； ⑦ 词与句型运用合理并且有变化。（3） 中间段展开的基本方法： ① 列举法　　② 比较对比法 ③ 因果法 　　④ 例证法 ⑤ 发展过程法 ⑥ 定义法 ⑦ 分类法　　

3、段落扩展中的常用词语：（1） 总结关系过渡词拳婊招稹语： generally speaking, generally, as a g髫潋啜缅eneral rule, in general, on a larger scale, totake the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude. （2）比较对比关系过渡词语： similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless. （3）列举关系过渡词语： for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that), first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another. 　　 （4）因果关系过渡词语：because (of), as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence. （5）让步关系过渡词语： although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted （6）强调关系过渡词语 anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, indeed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt .

4、结尾段：结尾段的写作方法可以归纳为下列若干种： （1）总结归纳。简要总结归纳文章要点，以便深化主题印象；（2） 重申主题。再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想；（3）预测展望。立足当前，放眼未来； （4）提出建议。提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动；（5）提出问题。提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想； （6）引用格言。用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。.

5、英语写作程序：由于时间的限制及题型的要求，考生必须遵循一定的写作程序并且合理地分配时间，以便从容地完成较高水平的写作。下面的考研英语佯鲅烫侬写作程序及时间分配，供考生参考并灵活地加以运用。　　1. 审题过程：（2-3分钟）所谓"审题"，就是仔细地研究、理解题目，即根据题目所提供的条 件和要求，来确定文章的内容、体裁和写法。这一过程直接关系到写作的成败，即是否"切 题"。审题应该包含下列四个方面：　　（1）审文体文体是对文章的一种规格要求，不同的文体，在写作上有不同的规格要求。命 题作文一般采用议论文文体；规定情景作文通常以描写文、叙述文为主；图表作文通 常采用说明文；然而，段首句作文，应视具体内容而定。（2）审内容。了解题目在内容方面的要求决定写什么，这是审题的关键。 （3）审材料。审查考题在选材范围方面的要求，考题对材料有特定的限制，故考生应在题 目限制的范围内选取材料。简言之，选材的一般要点包含： ① 选择真实的材料； ② 选择典型的材料； ③ 选择鲜活的材料； ④ 选择最能展现主题的材料。 （4）审要求。审查考题在格式、字数、时间、内容等诸多方面的具体要求。总之，如果审 题不当，文章跑题；审题不周，文不切题；审题不全，遗漏重点。因此，考生一定要 严把审题关。 2. 构思过程：（5-7分钟）一旦确定了主题，就开始构思选材。选材的思路围绕题目 数据、图形和所给的提纲来进行。考生应从自己所熟悉的素材中筛选出最能表达和说明 主题的内容，思路要灵活，想象要丰富，同时要有创新，避免落入写作俗套。在此基础 上，草拟出作文提纲，提纲要简明扼要，能抓住段落主题。同时，考生对文章段落展开 的方法、过渡句和句型等也要有所考虑。 从历年英语写作试题来分析，写作题目大多已给出了基本的提纲或相应的要求。在 这种情况下，考生可将给出的提纲扩展成相应的主题句，这样便迅速地拟出了一个详细 且完整的写作提纲。 拟出带有主题句的具体提纲，才能围绕主题句构思出要写的内容，选出展现主题的 最佳素材，形成一条清楚的写作主线，然后根据主线具体地提出和回答what, who, when, how, why 等一系列考题规定的问题。