Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

1、复制一个passwd文档，并查看passwd文档内容[lele@Oracle ~]$ cp /etc/passwd passwd.1[lele@Oracle ~]$ cat passwd.1daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

2、用cat命令查看该文件内容

3、对该文档的第3段进行排序,所以使用第3个栏位区间，也茧盯璜阝就是-k3参数，因为每段使用冒号:分隔，所以使用-t:参数，因为要对passwd文档中的内容进行排序，所以完整的道药苍嗓命令是如下sort -k3 -t: passwd结果如下root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologinusbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologinbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin这里发现第3列没有按数字进行排序，而是以字符进行排序，没有达到预期

4、这里看到没有按0,1,2这种顺序排，那说明是按字符顺序排序的，不是我们的目标

5、第3段进行排序，用数值顺序进行排序，要使用-n参数，命令如下sort -k3 -t:-n passwd

6、我们从图片中确认一下，看到确实是按照第3个字段按数字顺序排序的，很好

7、如果以上经验帮到您，麻烦在左下角给点个赞，谢谢！

8、如果我们要使用第3段进行排序，用数值顺碌食撞搁序进行排序，也就是要使用-n参数，完整的命令如下：sort -t: -k3 -n passwd结果如下[lele@Oracle ~]$ sort -t: -k3 -n passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin这里看到结果是按第三列按数值大小进行排序的

9、下面是sort命令的re酆璁冻嘌ference bookSORT(1) User Comman颊俄岿髭ds SORT(1)NAME sort - sort lines of text filesSYNOPSIS sort [OPTION]... [FILE]... sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=FDESCRIPTION Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Ordering options: -b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks -d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters -f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters -g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value -i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters -M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < ‘JAN’ < ... < ‘DEC’ -h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G) -n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value -R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys --random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE -r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons --sort=WORD sort according to WORD: general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M, numeric -n, random -R, version -V -V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text Other options: --batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once; for more use temp files -c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort -C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line --compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG; decompress them with PROG -d --files0-from=F read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input -k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2 (default end of line) -m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort -o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison -S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer -t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition -T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or /tmp; multiple options specify multiple directories -u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering; without -c, output only the first of an equal run -z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key. SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: % 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. *** WARNING *** The locale specified by the environment affects sort order. Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses native byte values.AUTHOR Written by Mike Haertel and Paul Eggert.REPORTING BUGS Report sort bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report sort translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO The full documentation for sort is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and sort programs are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils 'sort invocation' should give you access to the complete manual.