Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

2025-10-22 00:01:04

1、复制一个passwd文档，并查看passwd文档内容

[lele@Oracle ~]$ cp /etc/passwd passwd.1

[lele@Oracle ~]$ cat passwd.1

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

2、用cat命令查看该文件内容

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

3、对该文档的第3段进行排序,所以使用第3个栏位区间，也就是-k3参数，因为每段使用冒号:分隔，所以使用-t:参数，因为要对passwd文档中的内容进行排序，所以完整的命令是如下

sort -k3 -t: passwd

结果如下

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

这里发现第3列没有按数字进行排序，而是以字符进行排序，没有达到预期

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

4、这里看到没有按0,1,2这种顺序排，那说明是按字符顺序排序的，不是我们的目标

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

5、第3段进行排序，用数值顺序进行排序，要使用-n参数，命令如下

sort -k3 -t: -n passwd

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

6、我们从图片中确认一下，看到确实是按照第3个字段按数字顺序排序的，很好

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

7、如果以上经验帮到您，麻烦在左下角给点个赞，谢谢！

Linux中使用sort对文档中的内容进行排序

8、如果我们要使用第3段进行排序，用数值顺序进行排序，也就是要使用-n参数，完整的命令如下：

sort -t: -k3 -n passwd

结果如下

[lele@Oracle ~]$ sort -t: -k3 -n passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

这里看到结果是按第三列按数值大小进行排序的

9、下面是sort命令的reference book

SORT(1) User Commands SORT(1)

NAME

sort - sort lines of text files

SYNOPSIS

sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...

sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION

Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options

too. Ordering options:

-b, --ignore-leading-blanks

ignore leading blanks

-d, --dictionary-order

consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters

-f, --ignore-case

fold lower case to upper case characters

-g, --general-numeric-sort

compare according to general numerical value

-i, --ignore-nonprinting

consider only printable characters

-M, --month-sort

compare (unknown) < ‘JAN’ < ... < ‘DEC’

-h, --human-numeric-sort

compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)

-n, --numeric-sort

compare according to string numerical value

-R, --random-sort

sort by random hash of keys

--random-source=FILE

get random bytes from FILE

-r, --reverse

reverse the result of comparisons

--sort=WORD

sort according to WORD: general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h,

month -M, numeric -n, random -R, version -V

-V, --version-sort

natural sort of (version) numbers within text

Other options:

--batch-size=NMERGE

merge at most NMERGE inputs at once; for more use temp files

-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first

check for sorted input; do not sort

-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent

like -c, but do not report first bad line

--compress-program=PROG

compress temporaries with PROG; decompress them with PROG -d

--files0-from=F

read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in

file F; If F is - then read names from standard input

-k, --key=POS1[,POS2]

start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2 (default end of

line)

-m, --merge

merge already sorted files; do not sort

-o, --output=FILE

write result to FILE instead of standard output

-s, --stable

stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison

-S, --buffer-size=SIZE

use SIZE for main memory buffer

-t, --field-separator=SEP

use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition

-T, --temporary-directory=DIR

use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or /tmp; multiple options

specify multiple directories

-u, --unique

with -c, check for strict ordering; without -c, output only the

first of an equal run

-z, --zero-terminated

end lines with 0 byte, not newline

--help display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character

position in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in

effect, characters in a field are counted from the beginning of the

preceding whitespace. OPTS is one or more single-letter ordering

options, which override global ordering options for that key. If no

key is given, use the entire line as the key.

SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: % 1% of

memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

*** WARNING *** The locale specified by the environment affects sort

order. Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses native

byte values.

AUTHOR

Written by Mike Haertel and Paul Eggert.

REPORTING BUGS

Report sort bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org

GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

Report sort translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.