英语语法之定语从句

1、定语从句的基本结构•The boy who/that sits beside me is unfriendly.•The friend (whom / that /who)I met yesterday has left.•先行词指人还是物？关系代词在从句做什么成分？•先行词指人时，•1、从句中缺少主语， 我们选择关系代词who, that , 而且不省略。 2、从句中缺少宾语， 我们选择关系代词 whom,who, that , 可以省略。

2、•The house which / that was on fire last night had a history of 100 years.•Please lend me the pen (which/ that／)you bought yesterday.•先行词指事物时，•1、从句中缺少主语， 我们选择关系代词which, that , 而且不省略。 2、从句中缺少宾语， 我们选择关系代词 which, that , 可以省略。

3、概念:1.在句子中修饰名词或代词,定语从句 在句中充当定语. 2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词. 3.在定语从句中,根据先行词在在从句中充当成分选择关系词.关系代词关系代词: 指人:who(主格), whom(宾格), 指物 :which(主格,宾格)指人或物:that1).Where is the man______________ was here just now?2).The old lady_________________ you talked to is her grandmother.3). It’s a book ______ will help you a lot.4)I don’t like the film __________ we saw yesterday.

4、•The girl whose hair is golden is from England.•The desk whose legs are broken is not mine.•Whose 的用法：先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 在从句中充当定语

5、•My father talked a水瑞侮瑜bout the persons and the things 忧溲枷茫____ he remember at school.•A. that B. which C. who D. what•Key: A.•定语从句用 that 不用which•1. 先行同时有人又有物•2.先行是不定代词（all , anything, something, everything)•All that can be done has been done.• I don’t believe anything that he said.All the books that he had bought were burn.•3. 先行受形容词最高级修饰This is the best film that I have seen.•4. 先行受序数词修饰如the first , the second, the last.•This is the first book that was written by HangHang•5.先行受the only, the very 词修饰•That is the very thing that I am looking for.•The only gift that he got at Christmas is an exercise book.•

6、定语从句先行词关系代词That which who whom whose关系副词When where whyThat is the naughty boy _____________ we talked about last week.This is the photo ___________________ I took.He lives in the room ________ windows face south.

7、•Attributive clause (2)•由关系副词 如: when , where , why (注意: 没有 what和how )引导的定语从句•表时间/地点/原因时用when, where, why• I'll never forget the day when I joined the party.•This room is the place where he was born.•I know the reason why he was angry.

8、•I. Read the form• 对比：•This is the house ____ we lived in last week.•This is the house ____ we lived last week.•Key: (which/ that ); where•He gave the reason ____ he was late.•I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave just now.•Key: why; (that/ which)•He will never forget the day ______ he met the girl.•A. when B. on that C. in which D. that•He will never forget the days _____ we spent together.•A. when B. on that C. in which D. that•Key: A D

9、补充1 定语从句用 that 不用which•1. I still remember the things and the peopl髫潋啜缅e that he talked about.•2. He told me everything that had happened last night.•3. This is the first novel that he has written.•4. “Hero” is the best film that I have ever seen.•5. That is the very tie that can match your shirt well.•6. Which is the subject that you like best?•定语从句用 that 不用which•1. 先行词既有人又有物•2.先行是不定代词（all , anything, something, everything)　或者被all, no , any , few , little等修饰• 3.先行受序数词修饰 如the first , the second, the last.• 4.先行受形容词最高级修饰5.先行受the only, the very 词修饰•6.句子是由which 开头的特殊疑问句

10、1. (2010全国II). I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what2. .(2010北京卷27). Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that3.There is little in this book ____ is interesting.A. that B. which C. whose D. /4.The doctor ________stepped in.A.Della was waiting for him　　B. whom Della was waitingC. Della was waiting for　　　　D. who Della was waiting

11、补充3.介词加关系代词引导定语从句1.关系代瓠鲺闲剔词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，whic茑霁酌绡h 指物；Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.•1. Tom is a person ____ others can’t get on very well.A. whom B. who C. with whom D. with which•2. The pen ______ he filled the form is mine.• A. that B. which C. with that D. with which•3.(2010江苏卷32). The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. whi4.Jane was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.A. from who B.from whomC. to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that

12、•Attributive clause (2)•由关系副词 如: when , where , why• (注意: 没有 what和how )引导的定语从句•表时间/地点/原因时用when, where, why• I'll never forget the day when I joined the party.•This room is the place where he was born.•I know the reason why he was angry.

13、使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、当先行词是表时间和表地点的 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构， I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together last summer.

14、注意：1)Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。 2）Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。•　　而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”•3) as已形成一些固定结构。　如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected.

15、Attributive clause (4) 特殊的定语从句:先行词是 the way•1. I don’t like the way in which he talks.• 2. I don’t like the way that he talks.• 3. I don’t like the way he talks.

16、•Attributive clause (5) 其他句型•1. Is this factory_____ you visited last week?• A. that B. which C. / D. the one•还原法：•This factory is the one (that) you visited last week.•2. He told us about the time he had spent ____ English.• A. to learn B. learning C. on learning D. to learning•spend time doing sth.